Rangkuman Bahasa Inggris MKDU 4107 Part II

Bahasa Inggris MKDU 4107 UT

 

RESUME BAHASA INGGRIS

K. Refer to Somebody/Living Things

1. Jelaskan pengertian “refer to somebody/living things”!

“Refer to somebody/living things” berarti merujuk kepada seseorang atau benda hidup, ditandai dengan penggunaan pronoun atau kata ganti seperti Him, It, He, She, They, mine, yours, his, hers, theirs, ours, etc.

2. Berikan contoh penggunaan “refer to somebody/living things”!

• The parents of these children had each a large wooden box in which they cultivated kitchen herbs for their own use. “They” refer to “the parent”.
• “Such a good day,” sighed Mother Nature, “and no blankets to keep my babies warm”. “my” refer to “Mother nature”

L. Refer to Something

1. Jelaskan pengertian “refer to something”!

“Refer to somethings” berarti merujuk kepada benda mati, ditandai dengan penggunaan pronoun atau kata ganti seperti it, this, he, she, they, etc.

2. Berikan contoh penggunaan “refer to somebody/living things”!

• It was clear to everyone in town that this was a six o’clock. “It” refers to “a six o’clock”.
• It was easy for Bill to get back to sleep. “It” refers to “easy for Bill to get back to sleep”

M. Subject 1

1. Bagaimana cara untuk mengetahui Subject dalam sebuah kalimat?

Keluarkan verba dalam kalimat tersebut dan buat pertanyaan “apa” atau “siapa”. Dalam kalimat pasif yang menjadi Subjek adalah yang melakukan sesuatu atau “pelaku” kegiatan.

2. Bagaimana ciri sebuah Subject?

Subject biasanya berbentuk nomina (the buildings, the car, the plane) atau pronominal (She, He, It etc.), atau frasa (a beautiful girl, the crooked police, the high mountain). Terletak di muka kalimat, dan terletak sebelum predikat. Khusus untuk kalimat pasif, objek diletakkan di awal kalimat.

3. Tentukan Subject dalam kalimat berikut “China was hit by 6.6 earthquake”! 

Jawab: 6.6 earthquake.

4. Tentukan Subject dalam kalimat berikut “My kitten was brought to an animal clinic”! 

Jawab: “somebody”

5. Tentukan Subject dalam kalimat berikut “Could you do me a favour”! 

Jawab: “you”

6. Tentukan Subject dalam kalimat berikut “He was killed with a revolver”! 

Jawab: “He”

7. Tentukan Subject dalam kalimat berikut “When he was arrested, Rp2 in cash was found”! 

Jawab: “Rp2”

N. Subject 2

1. Bagaimana cara menetukan subjek dalam kalimat majemuk?

Kalimat majemuk terdiri dari induk (dependent clause) dan anak kalimat (independent clause). Subjek berada di induk kalimat. Subjek dapat berbentuk frasa. Jika berbentuk kalimat invers, maka subject berada setelah predikat.

2. Give the examples of subject in a complicated sentence!

• Once Mrs Speed and Martin got home they removed the gingerbread man out of the wrapper.
• Within the flower, upon the green velvet stamens, sat a very delicate and grateful little maiden
• Round this plate were wreaths of flowers with their stems in the water
• One night, while she lay in her pretty bed, a large, ugly, wet toad crept through a broken pane of glass in the window.
• Not all societies have western-type marriage with one wife and one husband, because some kind of marriages is universal.
• There will be serious effect on the world’s climate.
• If you were two or three miles away from home, then that is where you slept.
• It was no-win solution
• I shall be a baronet, and my old horse will be stuffed and put into a glass case and sent to the British Museum.

O. Predicate 1-2

1. Apa yang dimaksud “predicate”?

Predicate adalah kata yang menerangkan (modify) aktivitas subjek. Biasanya berbentuk verb, terdiri dari satu kata, kelompok kata, be, modal auxiliary, predicate nominative dan predicate adjective. Predikat biasanya mempunyai objek yang menerangkan untuk siapa/untuk apa.

2. Ada berapa jenis “predicate”?

Predikat dapat dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok, yaitu:

• Berupa verba à know, need, grab
• Berupa satu kata à was, were, is, are, am, been (continuous tense), moduls (will, can, ought to etc.)
• Berupa kelompok kata à may be making, are encourage to, suffer from, confronted by etc.
• Verba intransitive à was used, being operated, were discharged, died, was written, would do, didn’t square, learned, had gone, was puttering, walked over, was stuned, removed, worked, noted, declined, flourished, destroyed, alone, would be left, had remained, were left, reduced, to grow back.
• Verba transitif à had been estimated, died of, caused of, reached, show, included, was…used by, died from, had to rely on, came, sat on, hunched for, opened…up, was presented, campaign for, aired on, pleaded with, allowed, would not agree to, were…picking for, grew in, moved, was describe.

3. Jelaskan mengenai “predicate noun” dan “predicate adjective” dan berikan contohnya!

“Predicate Noun”: noun yang mengikuti linking verb (ada “to be”).

Contoh: Laurie is dancer; Mr. Frost is the director. … is one more delay, … is Atlantic sea, … is a healthy and relatively cheap food source, Tina was 18 years old.

“Predicate Adjective”: adjective yang mengikuti verb.

Contoh: Scott seem tall; Oranges are juicy. … is fit, … is more favourable, was curious, were very common, was lucky, was puffy.

P. Object 1

1. Jelaskan 5 (lima) jenis pembagian objek dan berikan contohnya!

• Objek langsung: menjawab pertanyaan “what” dan “who” (S+V+What/Who)
• Objek tidak langsung: menjawab pertanyaan “to whom or for whom”. Objek tidak langsung tidak dapat berdiri sendiri tanpa kehadiran objek langsung.
• Objek satu nomina
• Objek kelompok kata
• Objek langsung yang mengikuti klausa subordinate/klausa terkait

2. Berikan contoh “direct object” dan “indirect object”!

• “Direct object” à “David repair his car”. Direct object (What did David repair?); “You can take the kids”
• “Indirect object” à “Little Laney was still sobbing and being emotional”; “They sent him a postcard”. “Him” à indirect object of verb “sent”(to whom did they send a postcard?). He bought his son a bike. “his son” à indirect object. “I promissed her to deliver the parcel”. “or you could give them an experience”

3. Apa saja hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam menentukan “object”?

• Objek langsung dapat mengikuti bentuk verba intransitive, gerund, dan infinitive, preposisional.
• Intransitive: was used, being operated, were discharged, died, was written, would do, didn’t square, learned.
• Not predicate nominatives (complete linking verb)
• Contoh: He stroke her and felt her distended belly.
• Direct object which is not followed by linking verb
• Contoh: I bet you’ve never met a bake bean cat before. I have a tale to tell you about Marmalade.
• Object follows Gerund
• Contoh: Healthy eating isn’t about strict nutrition philosophies, staying unrealistically thin, or depriving yourself of the food you love.
• Object follows Infinitive
• Contoh: My father was hoping to play; Robert wanted to sleep; The dog wants to bark.
• Object follows Preposisional
• Contoh: The children would always play in the gentle, rolling medows;
• Linking verb (“be”) hanya diikuti oleh subject complement bukan direct object.
• Subject pronoun tidak bisa berfungsi sebagai object pronoun.

Q. Scanning 1-2

1. Apa yang dimaksud “scanning”?

Scanning adalah mencari informasi yang diperlukan dengan cara cepat. Biasanya dilakukan saat mencari informasi dalam kamus, katalog, iklan, booklet, leaflet, majalah dan teks.

2. Bagaimana langkah melakukan Scanning?

Membaca heading iklan/surat kabar, mencari judul/topic, kemudian mencari informasi tambahannya. Memilah informasi yang relevan sesuai dengan kebutuhan disebut inference predicting. Misalnya mencari uang kuliah dalam brosur, mencari jadwal tayangan film di bioskop dll.

R. Skimming 1-2

1. Apa itu “skimming”?

Skimming adalah teknik membaca cepat dengan tujuan mendapatkan intisari bacaan, bagaimana bacaan disusun, mengetahui ide bacaan atau tujuan penulis.

2. Bagaimana cara melakukan “skimming”?

(1) Mengenali kata kunci (ide), (2) Menemukan intisari dengan cara memberikan judul, mencari informasi penting di awal dan akhir paragraf, (3) Mengetahui intisari dengan melihat setiap bagian awal paragraf (judul dan kalimat pertama), dan (4) Membedakan ide utama dan ide penunjang.

3. Sebutkan ciri-ciri judul?

(1) Singkat, (2) Mewakili cerita/informasi/titik sentral

4. Hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam melakukan skimming adalah?

Mengidentifikasi apakah pertanyaan yang ada sudah sesuai dengan bacaan (ada evidence atau tidak) atau berupa harapan penulis (perhaps) yang tidak disebutkan secara eksplisit dalam bacaan, mempunyai vocabulary yang cukup.

S. Vocabulary

1. What’s the name given to a rabbit with a short, fluffpy, white tail?

a. Cotton-tail (kelinci ekor kapas)

b. Counselor (penimpang)

c. Counterfeit (pura2, palsu)

d. Counsel (dewan, municipal)

2. What’s the word used to show that something has been made to look like the real thing but it’s fake?

a. Cougar (puma)

b. Counteract (menetralkan/meniadakan)

c. Counterfeit (pura2, palsu)

d. Counsel (dewan, municipal)

3. Someone trained to help with problems or give advice is called …

a. Coupon

b. Counselor

c. Counterpart (rekan/teman imbangan)

d. Couch (menasihati/nasihat)

4. If you … means that you act against something so that it is less effective.

a. Counter (membalas/menjawab)

b. Counteract à Kunci Jawaban

c. Countdown (menghitung detik terakhir)

d. Counterpart

5. Divition of “counterclock wise” is … (berlawanan dengan jarum jam)

a. Count-er-clock-wise

b. Counterclock-wise

c. Coun-ter-clock-wi-se à Kunci Jawaban

d. Coun-ter-clock-wise

6. If you … from a problem or difficult situation, you do nothing about it or do not face any bad situation.

a. Walk away (pergi)

b. Walk into (injak/tabrak)

c. Wake up (bangun)

d. Walk off (mogok kerja/menggondol)

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